tetration

Definition

The arithmetic operator consisting of repeated exponentiation, by analogy with exponentiation being repeated multiplication and multiplication being repeated addition, ᵇᵃ denoting a to the power of a to the power of … to the power of a, in which a appears b times.

Etymology

PIE word *kʷetwóres From tetra- (prefix meaning ‘four’) + (itera)tion, from the fact that tetration is in fourth place after addition, multiplication, and exponentiation. The word was coined by the English mathematician Reuben Goodstein (1912–1985).

Example Sentences

• "You don't ordinarily hear much about tetration because it is so powerful an operation that tetrating even very small numbers with each other produces inordinately large numbers. A tetration is worked out below. ⁴²#61;2#123;(2#123;(#123;2²#125;)#125;)#125; #61;2#123;(#123;2⁴#125;)#125; #61;2#123;16#125; #61;64,536"
• "Repeated exponentiation—called tetration—is so rare that a shorthand for it is hardly worth the trouble, appealing only to research mathematicians. Most professional engineers and scientists never encounter tetration, and the shorthand for it is seldom taught anywhere but in mathematics departments. But it doesn't stop there, and for the almost-unheard-of "multiple tetration" there is yet a stronger cousin operation, waiting in the wings."
• "Tetration is usually symbolized with a number drawn to the upper left of another number, as opposed to the upper right used for exponents. Let's look at an example: what is 2 tetrated to the 4th? We would draw this as a 2 with a little 4 to the upper left side: ⁴². This is equivalent to 2#123;2#123;2²"